@HSN Its puffy face, large nose, non-existent chin, receding forehead, and robust skeleton perplexed his first discoverers. It was initially excluded from human evolution and then reintegrated as a specific step. The Neanderthals are today considered to be a sub-species of modern human. Their particular morphology has been the object of diverse interpretations: adaptation to the cold, particular mastication... In any case, the Neanderthals can be considered as the first real Europeans and their longevity has not yet been equalled by Homo sapiens sapiens.
They disappeared around 30,000 B.C., most likely absorbed or eliminated by their relatives.